In The Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy. Sultan Malik Shah had four sons: Barkiyak, Muhammad, Sanjar, and Mahmood. Mahmood, later known as Nasir Ad-Deen Mahmood, was a young child. Due to his mother, Turkan Khatun, holding a high status during Malik Shah’s reign, they pledged allegiance to Mahmood for him … Continue reading [6] The Ascent and Decline of The Ottoman Empire- [Some of Challenges Encountered By The Seljuks]